Oral cancer refers to cancers found in the oral cavity and oropharynx. This includes cancers of the lips, tongue, cheeks, floor of the mouth, hard and soft palate, sinuses, and pharynx (throat). Oral cancer can be life-threatening if not diagnosed and treated early.
What Causes Oral Cancer?
The causes of oral cancer include:
- Tobacco Use: Including cigarettes, cigars, pipes, chewing tobacco, and snuff, among the most significant risk factors.
- Heavy Alcohol Use: Especially when combined with tobacco use.
- Human Papillomavirus (HPV): Certain HPV strains are linked to oropharyngeal cancers.
- Sun Exposure: Excessive sun exposure to the lips can increase the risk.
- Diet: A diet low in fruits and vegetables may play a role in oral cancer development.
How Do You Detect Mouth Cancer Diagnosis?
Mouth cancer diagnosis typically involves:
- Physical Examination: Checking the mouth and throat for abnormalities such as lumps or lesions.
- Biopsy: Removing a sample of tissue for laboratory analysis to determine the presence of cancerous cells.
- Imaging Tests: Such as X-rays, CT scans, MRI scans, or PET scans to assess the extent of cancer.
What Is Oral Thrush?
Oral thrush, or oropharyngeal candidiasis, is a condition in which the fungus Candida albicans accumulates on the lining of the mouth. It causes creamy white lesions, usually on the tongue or inner cheeks. It can spread to the roof of the mouth, gums, tonsils, or back of the throat.
How Is Oral Thrush Diagnosed?
Oral thrush is diagnosed through:
- Clinical Examination: Observation of the characteristic lesions.
- Microscopic Examination: Scraping off a small sample of the lesion and examining it under a microscope to detect Candida fungi.
- Cultures: Sometimes, samples are cultured to identify the specific type of fungus causing the infection.
How Is Periodontal Disease Diagnosed?
Periodontal disease diagnosis involves:
- Review of Medical History: To identify any factors that may contribute to symptoms.
- Examination of the Mouth: To check for plaque and tartar buildup and measure the depth of the spaces between the teeth and gums.
- Dental X-rays: To detect any bone loss around the teeth.
How Is Periodontal Disease Diagnosed?
Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment. For oral cancers, treatments may include surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy. Oral thrush treatments typically involve antifungal medications. Periodontal disease treatment can range from non-surgical therapies that control bacterial growth to surgery to restore supportive tissues.
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